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9 steps to plant marijuana outdoors
Growing marijuana outdoors is a practice that attracts many cannabis enthusiasts and experts for its unique characteristics and benefits. This modality allows plants to grow in a natural environment, where they can take full advantage of sunlight, which is essential for their development and flowering. By planting marijuana outdoors, you create an opportunity to grow in a larger space, often resulting in larger, more robust plants compared to those grown indoors.
One of the most important aspects to consider is " when to plant marijuana outdoors ," since growing success depends largely on choosing the right time of year, which varies depending on geography and local climate. Growing marijuana outdoors usually coincides with the season in which daylight hours begin to increase, generally in the spring or early summer.
The benefits of growing marijuana outdoors include reduced costs , since artificial lighting equipment is not required, and a lower environmental impact. Additionally, it is often observed that plants develop a richer flavor and aroma profile, thanks to exposure to a natural and varied environment. The tricks for planting marijuana outdoors are essential to maximize these benefits and ensure a successful harvest.
Step 1: Choosing the Right Seed Variety
Choosing the right marijuana strain for your outdoor grow is crucial and largely depends on the climate and environmental conditions of your region. Each variety has its own needs and is better suited to certain types of climate and soil. For example, some varieties prefer warmer, drier climates, while others thrive in cooler, wetter conditions.
Adaptation to Climate and Environment
- Warm Climates : Varieties that tolerate heat and intense sun exposure well are ideal for warmer climates. These plants are usually more resistant to drought and need less watering.
- Cold Climates : In colder regions, it is important to choose varieties that can withstand low temperatures and have a shorter flowering cycle to avoid damage from early frosts.
Differences between Indica, Sativa and Hybrids
- Indica : Indica varieties tend to be more robust and compact, with a shorter flowering cycle. They are suitable for colder climates or for areas where summers are short.
- Sativa : Sativa plants tend to be taller and slender, with a longer flowering cycle. They prefer warmer climates and are ideal for regions with long summers.
- Hybrids : Hybrid varieties combine characteristics of indicas and sativa varieties. Growers have developed hybrids to adapt to a variety of climatic conditions and to offer a range of effects and flavors.
It is important to do your research and consider the specific characteristics of each variety before deciding which one to plant. Some key questions to consider include: How long does it take to flower? Is it resistant to pests and diseases common in your area? What type of care does it require?
Step 2: Cultivation Site Selection
Choosing the right location to plant outdoor marijuana seeds is a critical step that can significantly influence the health and productivity of your plants. There are several factors to consider to ensure that your plants receive optimal conditions for their growth.
- Sun Exposure : Marijuana plants require a significant amount of direct sunlight to grow properly, ideally between 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day . Look for a place that offers sufficient sun exposure, avoiding areas with excessive shade.
- Protection and Privacy : It is important to choose a site that offers some privacy and protection from prying eyes, respecting legality and discretion. Also, consider protection from strong winds and heavy rain, which can damage plants. A natural or artificial barrier that mitigates these elements can be very beneficial.
- Soil Quality and Drainage : Fertile, well-drained soil is essential. The soil should be nutrient-rich and well-drained to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root problems and disease. If your garden soil is not ideal, you may consider using large pots or containers to better control soil quality.
- Space and Layout : Make sure there is enough space between plants to allow for proper growth and good air circulation. This reduces the risk of diseases and pests. The orientation of the site is also important. In the Northern Hemisphere, a southern orientation maximizes solar exposure, while in the Southern Hemisphere, a northern orientation is preferable.
- Access to Water : Having easy access to water will make it easier to regularly water your plants. Consider proximity to a water source to simplify maintenance.
- Security : Finally, security is an important aspect. In some areas, it may be necessary to protect plants from wild animals or pets, using fencing or protective structures.
Step 3: Soil Preparation
Rich, fertile soil is the foundation for successful outdoor marijuana cultivation. Soil preparation is a crucial step that ensures your plants have the nutrients necessary for healthy growth. Here are some tips and options for soil preparation:
- Soil Test : Before planting, use a pH meter to perform a soil test. This will give you a clear idea of the pH levels and nutrients present. Ideally, marijuana soil should have a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
- Soil Enrichment : If the soil is deficient in nutrients, you can enrich it by adding organic compost, worm castings , or well-rotted manure. These materials improve soil structure and provide essential nutrients. Incorporatingperlite or vermiculite can improve soil drainage and aeration, especially if it is very clayey or compact.
- Fertilizers for Marijuana : You can opt for organic fertilizers such as bat guano, bone meal, fish meal or fish emulsions, which are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the main nutrients that marijuana needs. Find out which is the best fertilizer for cannabis at each stage of growth, for example, in the vegetative growth phase, more nitrogen is needed, while in the flowering phase, more phosphorus and potassium are required.
- Soil Improvers : For very acidic or alkaline soils, you can adjust the pH using dolomitic lime or sulfur respectively. Soil conditioners, such as peat moss, can help retain moisture in sandy soils.
- Preparation and Mixing : Work the soil to a depth of at least 30cm to ensure it is loose and aerated. This allows good root development. If you decide to use containers for your grow, select a soil mix suitable for cannabis, which is often already enriched with the necessary nutrients.
- Keeping Soil Healthy : Throughout the growing cycle, it is important to continue to monitor the soil and adjust nutrients as necessary. Mulching can be useful to maintain soil moisture and suppress weed growth.
Step 4: Germination
Germination is the crucial first step in growing your marijuana plants. There are several effective methods for germinating marijuana seeds, each with its own advantages. Here I present some of the most popular methods:
Paper Towel Method
- Place the seeds between two layers of damp paper towels and then place them on a plate or container.
- Keep the paper towel damp and in a warm place, avoiding direct sunlight.
- Seeds generally begin to germinate in 24 to 72 hours.
Direct Germination in Soil
- Plant the seeds directly in the ground or in pots, at a depth of approximately 1-2 cm.
- Keep the soil moist but not saturated.
- This option avoids the stress of transplanting, but may be a little slower.
Use of Germination Cubes
- Germination cubes, such as Jiffy Pellets or Rockwool cubes , are prepared media that facilitate germination.
- Simply insert the seed into the cube and keep it moist.
- Once the seed has germinated, you can plant the cube directly in the ground or in a pot, reducing the stress of transplanting.
In Water
- Immerse the seeds in a glass of warm (not hot) water and leave them in a dark, warm place.
- The seeds should germinate within 24-48 hours.
- Once you see the root emerge, plant them in soil or a germination bucket.
Tips for Germination
- Keep the seeds in a warm environment, ideally between 20-25°C.
- Avoid over-hydration. The medium should be moist, but not soggy.
- Patience is key. Some seeds may take a little longer to germinate.
- Once the seed has germinated and the root has emerged, it is important to plant it carefully to avoid damaging the root.
Step 5: Planting
Once your marijuana seeds have successfully germinated, the next step is to plant them outdoors. Here I present a step-by-step guide to ensure a successful transplant and a good start for your plants:
Choosing the Right Time
- It is essential to plant your seedlings outside after all risk of frost has passed. In most climates, this is usually late spring or early summer .
- Watch the weather forecast to avoid transplanting on days of extremely low or high temperatures.
Seedling Acclimatization
- Before planting outdoors, it is important to acclimate seedlings to the outdoor environment to reduce transplant shock. This is known as "hardening."
- Start by exposing the seedlings to fresh air for a few hours a day, gradually increasing the time over a week.
Planting Site Preparation
- Make sure the soil is well prepared, as described in Step 3.
- Choose a location with good sun exposure and protection from the wind.
Excavation of the Holes
- Dig holes that are slightly larger than the size of the germination bucket or pot where the seedlings developed.
- The space between plants must be sufficient to allow their growth and air circulation. Generally, it is recommended to leave at least 1 meter of space between each plant.
Transplanting the Seedlings
- Lightly water seedlings before transplanting to minimize stress.
- Carefully place each seedling in its hole, making sure the root is not bent or compressed.
- Fill the hole with loose soil and press lightly around the base of the plant to remove air pockets.
Initial Irrigation
- After planting, water the seedlings generously to help settle the soil and provide the hydration needed for a good start.
- Avoid overwatering, as soil that is too wet can cause root problems.
Post-Planting Care
- During the first few weeks after planting, monitor your plants regularly to make sure they are adapting well to the outdoor environment.
- Maintain a regular watering schedule, adjusting based on weather conditions and the needs of your plants.
Step 6: Watering and Nutrition
Proper watering and nutrition are essential for the healthy development of outdoor marijuana plants. Here I offer you some guidelines on the frequency and amount of watering, as well as information on essential nutrients.
Frequency and Amount of Irrigation
- Seedling Phase : Seedlings require careful watering to avoid overwatering. Water lightly but frequently, keeping the soil moist but not soggy.
- Vegetative Growth Phase : As the plant grows, its water needs increase. Water deeply but less frequently to encourage a strong root system. A good indicator is soil moisture. Water when the top few inches of soil are dry to the touch.
- Flowering Phase : During flowering, plants may require more water due to their larger size and the intensity of the sun. However, it is important to avoid overwatering, which can cause root and fungal problems.
- Watering Techniques : Use watering techniques that direct water to the roots, such as drip irrigation or a gentle-flow sprinkler, to avoid unnecessarily wetting the foliage.
Essential Nutrients
You have to understand that the needs of the plant change in each stage of growth and it is necessary to know which is the best fertilizer for cannabis at each stage of growth :
- Nitrogen (N) : Essential during the vegetative growth phase for the development of healthy leaves and stems. A nitrogen deficiency manifests itself in pale or yellowish leaves.
- Phosphorus (P) : Crucial for the flowering phase, phosphorus aids in the development of strong roots and healthy flowers. A deficiency can slow growth or reduce flower size.
- Potassium (K) : Important in all phases, potassium contributes to overall plant function and disease resistance. Deficiency symptoms include leaves with brown or scorched edges.
- Micronutrients : Elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron and other micronutrients are also important for the balanced development of the plant.
Nutrient Supplementation
Use specific cannabis fertilizers that adjust to the needs of each growth stage.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions to avoid overfeeding, which can be as harmful as a lack of nutrients.
Step 7: Maintenance and Care
Proper maintenance and constant care are essential to ensure a healthy and productive marijuana crop outdoors. Here I explain some important plant care techniques, as well as tips to prevent and treat common problems such as pests and diseases.
Plant Care Techniques
- Pruning marijuana : Pruning helps control plant growth and improve air circulation, which reduces the risk of disease. Remove dead or yellowed leaves and lower shoots that receive little light. During the vegetative phase, you can prune the plants to encourage bushier growth.
- Plant Training : Techniques such as " Low Stress Training " (LST) involve bending and tying branches to expose more parts of the plant to light, thus increasing production. " Apical Pruning or Topping " (cutting off the tip of the plant) and " FIMing " (pinching the top growth) are techniques that encourage bushier growth.
- Climate Control : In extreme climates, it may be necessary to provide additional shade or frost protection to protect your plants.
Prevention and Treatment ofPests and Diseases in Marijuana
- Pest Prevention : Maintaining a clean and tidy growing environment is essential to prevent pests and diseases. Use netting or physical barriers to protect plants from insects and animals. Growing companion plants that repel certain pests can be an effective strategy.
- Pest Identification and Treatment : Regularly inspect your plants for signs of pests, such as mites, aphids or larvae. Use organic insecticides or natural solutions, such as insecticidal soap or neem oil, to treat infestations.
- Disease Management : Maintain good air circulation around plants to prevent fungus and mold. If you detect signs of disease (such as leaf spots or rot), identify the cause and apply appropriate treatment, which may include fungicides or adjustments to irrigation and nutrition.
- Constant Monitoring : Monitoring your plants regularly will allow you to quickly detect and address any problems before they become a bigger problem.
Step 8: Harvest
Harvest is the most anticipated moment in the marijuana growing cycle. Knowing when and how to harvest is crucial for optimal quality. Here I explain how to identify the right time to harvest and the appropriate techniques for cutting and harvesting your plants.
Identification of the Right Time to Harvest
- Observation of Trichomes : Trichomes are small resinous glands on the buds that contain cannabinoids. Its appearance changes throughout the maturation of the plant and is a key indicator in determining harvest time. Use a magnifying glass or handheld microscope to observe the trichomes. When most of them turn from clear to a milky or amber color, it is a good time to harvest.
- Condition of the Pistils : The pistils are the small hairs that protrude from the buds. They are white at first, but turn orange or brown as the plant matures. A sign that it is time to harvest is when around 70-90% of the pistils have changed color and shrunken towards the buds.
- Evaluating Plant Growth : It is also important to look at the plant as a whole. If the growth of new pistils has stopped and the buds look swollen and compact, it can be a good indicator of maturity.
Cutting and Collection Techniques
- Tools Needed : Be prepared with sharp, clean pruning shears or manicure scissors for a precise cut.
- Cutting the Buds : Cut the buds of the plant carefully. You can cut entire branches or individual buds. Handle the flowers carefully to avoid damaging the trichomes and losing resin.
- Manicure : After cutting the buds, perform a manicure, which involves removing any excess leaves that do not contain trichomes, known as "sugar leaves." This improves the appearance and quality of the buds. The manicure can be done before or after drying, although doing it fresh is usually easier.
Harvesting at the right time is essential to ensure maximum potency and the best flavor profile of your buds. Taking your time to properly harvest and process your plants can make a big difference in the final quality of the product.
Step 9: Drying and Curing
Drying and curing are crucial stages in the marijuana growing process, as they significantly influence the quality and potency of the final product. Here I show you how to carry out these processes correctly.
Outdoor marijuana drying process
- Preparation for Drying : After harvesting and trimming the buds, hang them upside down in a dark, cool place with good air circulation. The ideal temperature is between 18-22°C (65-70°F) with a relative humidity of 45-55%.
- Drying Duration : The drying process usually lasts between 7 to 14 days. Do not rush this process, as slow, uniform drying improves the quality of the final product.
- Drying Check : You will know the buds are dry when the stems snap instead of bending and the buds feel dry to the touch.
Curing Process
- Storage for Curing : Once dry, place the buds in airtight glass jars, filling them up to 75% to allow air circulation.
- Ventilation : For the first few weeks, open the jars once a day for a few minutes to allow air renewal (known as "burping"). This not only helps remove any remaining moisture, but also allows gases like chloroform and ammonia to dissipate.
- Curing Duration : Curing can last from two weeks to several months. The longer you cure the buds, the better the flavor quality and smoothness of the smoke.
Importance of Drying and Curing
- Improved Flavor and Aroma : Proper curing breaks down the chlorophyll in the buds, eliminating harshness and improving flavor and aroma.
- Maximum Potency : During curing, cannabinoids continue to develop, which can increase the potency of the buds.
- Prevention of Mold and Bacteria : Proper drying and curing prevents the growth of mold and bacteria, ensuring a product safe for consumption.